Describe and Explain the Decline of the Abbasid Caliphate...

The decline of the Abbasids was not a steady of rapid series of events. There were numerous revivals of the Caliphate in which certain strong Caliphs gained more control and influence over the Islamic world than their predecessors had had. However at no point after the death of Harun al-Rahid (reigned 786-809) was the Caliphate ever as powerful. This period is regarded as the Golden Age of the Abbasid Caliphate and was followed immediately by civil war between his sons. Harun’s two sons were called Al-Amin and Al-Mamun. Al-Amin was the elder and was nominated as the heir to the Caliphate. However Al-Mamun, who was the effective governor of the eastern provinces was ambitious. He was spurred towards seizing the Caliphate for†¦show more content†¦Such a compromise was a symptom of a relatively weak Caliph. Further revolts led to the temporary loss of the Caliph’s power in Egypt, Syria and Palestine for substantial periods. However with Tahir and his famil y at his side, al-Mamun was able to regain these lands, leaving the Caliphate in 833 much less weak than it had been although not as strong as al-Rashid had in 809. Al-Mamun’s successor and son was a man called Al Mu’tasim. His reign was particularly important in the gradual decline of the Abbasids. Although he was not the first to use the infamous ‘slave soldiers’, they had been used from 814 onwards, he expanded their usage massively. The slave soldiers were mostly Turks from areas like modern Turkmenistan. These were hard nomadic peoples from the grass planes of the Steppe who were brutal worriers and provided the Caliph with military security for a price. These Turk soldiers were to play a crucial part in the decline of the Caliphate as their influence and power grew over their masters. The Turks soon formed the palace guard of the Caliph, taking on a similar to the Praetorian Guard of the Roman Empire. As their presence increased they became increasin gly unpopular in Baghdad. This unpopularity and the Caliphs increasing dependence on his mercenaries lead to Mu’tasim relocating the capital from Baghdad to Samarra in 835. This only diminished the power of the Caliphate inShow MoreRelatedThe Umayyad Dynasty And Abbasid Dynasty1370 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 14th century named Ibn Khaldun who developed one of the most outstanding model to describe nomadic societies and their lifestyles. Ibn Khaldun analyze the different forms of governments, explaining their strengths and weaknesses by presenting the 4 steps of his model to reveal the cyclical rises and declines of dynasties. I m using Ibn Khaldun s model to explain the history of the Umayyad dynasty and Abbasid dynasty. 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Necessity in OBreins The Things they Carried Essay

RR- â€Å"The Things They Carried† What’s More Important? Necessity can usually be described as something or someone that is needed. However, this word has different meanings and is based solely on what the individual requires for his or her survival. These needs may increase or become distorted as he or she finds themselves in a life-or-death situation such as war. Circumstances may also provoke an average person to become emotionally distressed and thus the desire to hold on to all that he can. Despite the fact that these necessary items or ideas that he clings to may impair the person, abandoning them may seem impossible. This is the case in Tim O’Brien’s, â€Å"The Things They Carried.† For First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross,†¦show more content†¦For Jimmy Cross, he humped pictures of Martha, â€Å"a junior at Mount Sebastian College in New Jersey † (318) and the letters she writes him. O’Brien highlights these items as special things that Lt. Jimmy Cross carries because they symb olize all he has left behind and hopes to someday return to. Additionally, the letters he receives from Martha are light in weight, only â€Å"ten ounce,† (315) but prove to be a heavy burden. However, Lt. Cross fails to realize his responsibility is not in keeping his photographs and letters safe, but in leading his men safely. Because of his delusional dreams of Martha, he is unable to prevent the death of Ted Lavender. In dealing with such a guilt and regret, Lt Cross is forced to give up the one thing he loved â€Å"more than anything, more than his men,† (318) his beloved Martha. He forces himself to burn everything that was Martha, her pictures, the letters, and pebble she sent, â€Å"because she belonged to another world, which was not quite real†¦because he realized she did not love him and never would† (323). By burning his special things of Martha, Lt. Cross is able to break free from the fantasy world and return to the role he was trained to do. â€Å"He was now determined to perform his duties firmly and without negligence† (327). With Lavender’s death in mind, he becomes aware of immediate dangers that may arise and begins to â€Å"impose strict field discipline† (327) to prevent death. Lt Cross â€Å"reminded

Long Tail Essay Example For Students

Long Tail Essay ail Project #4: Literature Search â€Å"The Long Tail† by R. Cros Table of contents I. Background II. Thesis 1 and 2 III. Thesis Findings A. Thesis One – Consumer-Driven B. Thesis Two – Higher Consumer Engagement IV. Thesis Objections V. Unanswered Questions VI. Bibliography VII. Abstracts (compiled) I. Background As a part of the MBA curriculum, a class titled Management Information Systems was given at Roosevelt in the fall of 2009. The class dealt a great deal with how information, innovation and technology were fundamentally changing business in America. The course focused primarily on the importance of gathering data and converting it into information (for use by managerial decision makers) and on the myriad uses of internet technologies in modern business, from the supplier intinamcy to the management of the collective knowledge of employees. During the course, the professor presented students with an interesting article titled â€Å"The Long Tail† written by Chris Anderson of Wired magazine. The Long Tail, as presented, was a fascinating concept, in the context of discussions of core business functions like the value chain, consumer-driven decision making and the use of technology in marketing. As presented by Anderson, the modern internet, with its ubiquity, super-fast times and access to an unlimited cacophany of products and services, was not just another way to market products; a new-fangled television or another â€Å"space† in which a firm must have a presence. To the contrary, per Anderson, the internet was changing marketing, branding and consumer behavior completely, at elemental levels. The theory stated that bricks and mortar have traditionally abridged the number and variety of products an enterprise could reasonably stock and sell, as space is limited. Because of this, firms have had to rely on â€Å"hit† products – general items with broad appeal, of value to the widest cross-section of consumers. But the concept of the long tail states that the internet has created a new reality of infinite choice, no space limitations, low-to-no marginal costs for production and lower â€Å"search† costs for the consumer. As a result, consumers of the future will no longer focus on the blockbuster movie, the album made by the latest record company pop star, or the video game that’s ‘everyone is playing’. Instead, with the help of clickstream tracking tools (that collect data on customer web activity, process and feed to firms as useable profiling data), collaborative filtering (software that makes recommendations on future visits, based on past web visits), firms will know more, and in more detail, about consumers (Oestreicher-Singer, G 2009). These recommender systems (as exists on Netflix and Amazon for example) and product reviews from product users, consumers will be led down the tail of the curve, away from few items that sell heavily, to an almost infinite number of lower selling yet value-ladden items – selling less of more (Vallance 2007). The argument goes that, because costs to house these products are virtually nill (especially for, but not limited to digital products), retailers can â€Å"stock† them. Not only that, but Anderson argues that because consumers have been slaves to bricks and mortar, there is pent up demand for niche products whose sales will not only thicken and lengthen the tail, but also equal or best the sales in the head of the curve. This theory throws the Pareto Principle (the 80/20 rule that says, in retail, for example, that 80% of your sales will come from 20% of your products) up in the air. II. Thesis 1) The long tail concept is valid and quintessentially customer driven, not only for digital media, but also a growing number of other items in the retail universe. ) That by its nature, the long tail engages the consumer in an affective and cognitive manner that is transcendental and more impactful. III. Thesis Findings The â€Å"blockbuster† model is illustrated well by looking at Grand Central Publishing. This former subsidiary of Warner Books publishes anywhere from 250 to 300 books per year; most at a loss. The leadership of Grand Central make tou gh decisions each year, as their strategy calls for them to cull 2 books from their three hundred, on which to focus most of their marketing time, energy and resources. The theory is that the couple books with the most potential will â€Å"carry† their year in terms of generating revenue. This strategy bears out for them. The sixty-one titles Grand Central had on its front list in 2006 incurred marketing costs of $650,000, and generated $100,000 in revenue. However, the company’s best seller from 2007 incurred marketing costs of $7m, while generating nearly $12m in revenue (Elberse 2008). This tried and true method has been used for years, across industries, to great effect – basic Pareto Principal. But the argument can be made that this is not a market-driven consumer approach. To the contrary, this can be seen as an approach that works in the perceived best interests of the firms (in terms of things like budgeting and projecting), and while it may make some use of customer opinion data (polls, responses, feedback, market-study), it can almost not help but be flawed. In reality, this may be an example of self-fulfilling prophesy, where the blockbuster products sell successfully, almost arbitrarily, because of the great investment in resources and marketing. The above scenario is one that the long tail theory tries to directly annihilate. In premise, there may be great value in the sixty-one Grand Central titles that lost $550,000 using traditional marketing strategies. Instead of the major investment, smaller, niche titles could be found on web-sites like Amazon. Reviews and recommendations could link them to other, similar items (maybe even blockbusters) and increase their value. To some, their â€Å"rarity† may even have value. Most importantly, the â€Å"spoilage† of these niche items could be alleviated beyond their year of release, beyond being placed out-of-print, to having an infinite cyber â€Å"shelf-life† (Davidson 2009). Thesis One – Consumer-Driven Information and Search The sheer depth, breadth and volume of information available on the internet has created a more knowledgeable consumer. â€Å"Shopbot† sites make it easy for people to compare prices across a multitude of retailers. The impact of imperfect information begins to wane when the consumer has access to a world of data, pre-aggregated and formed into highly useful information. Recommender systems then link consumers to similar items, and/or items bought by similar customers (Park 2008). The idea of search itself changed with the dawn of the internet age, but it has further evolved. In the old days, search meant driving down to the local mall (or two) to make product comparisons and â€Å"shop†. The internet first made this easier with the shop at home emphasis (not unlike the catalogue before it). But innovation has come in terms of making comparison much easier and more robust. The long tail takes the consumer on a journey though products â€Å"ideas†, associating the consumers’ needs in a broader sense, and not just to a certain product (Oestreicher-Singer 2009). This has had several other effects. It has resulted in: * Downward pressure on prices automatic comparison has created more perfect information for consumers (product characteristics for example), hence more competition * More interactive customer feedback and engagement; customers often submit their own ideas and products, or augment existing products directly * Less emphasis on established brands and decreased brand equity and share of customer (Morrissey 2007) Competitive Advantage These new capacities speak to a heightened competitive advantage for a number of concrete reasons. Long tail technologies help differentiate products to the consumer. They help illuminate unique, possibly ‘niche appeal’ product characteristics that otherwise must be de-prioritized in traditional marketing. For instance, reviews of a book might highlight secondary or unrealized themes or ideas not emphasized by marketers but appealing to a niche audience. This allows not just access to, but the ability for firms to focus on niche market strategies, because of superior incoming data and engagement during the purchase. Marketers can use long tail data to reveal how, why and in which ways their products are being connected to other brands and products, and make adjustments in mid-stream to tap the new, niche markets. The long tail technologies also strengthen the intimacy among customers, web-sites and suppliers. Individual customer data profiling morphs into a highly personalized service, adding value to the customer experience. When a site like Netflix already knows what may be of interest to its members, if streamlines the already manageable search and decision processes (Clemons 2008). Inherent Consumer-focus In essence, long tail theory puts the focus back on the consumer, not on arbitrary marketing strategies and brand-based decisions. Technology is the conduit for giving the consumer something they may not even know they want. Instead of filling out surveys or sending back opinion product opinion mailers, consumers leave detailed feedback on products on sites like Amazon, Netflix and the like. The ‘word-of-mouth’ reviews and recommendations act as imperfect market research; not easily quantifiable, but loaded with much, very useful product user information. Important cultural data often lies in the lengthy reviews, such as what products may be attached to certain subgroups, affinity groups, religious groups, etc†¦Particularly for media products like DVDs, music and books, for which sales have been mostly down over the past few years, technology is showing that these niche products may have low volume demand, but high value demand for consumers (Kumar 2009). The book Touching the Void is an example cited by Anderson. Released in 1988, author Joe Simpson’s story of an ill-fated mountain climbing trip in Peru was well-reviewed, but didn’t sell. Child Abuse EssayIn this regard, many found that the 80/20 (Pareto) rule was still intact and in fact the norm, sometimes co-existing with long tail strategies; in this, the top 20% sellers made 80% of the sales, but carried a much wider and varied array of products (Knowledge Wharton). The research theorized that the two concepts are not mutually exclusive. Surprisingly, some of the data showed an inverse relationship with the long tail. There is evidence that consumers may reach a point of information overload with so much choice, or actually not prefer niche products. The question as to whether consumers actually want the 4th, 5th or 80th best reggae album (for example) rises. Some data theorizes that niche products are actually preferred not by the general buying public, but by a small group of â€Å"heavy users†, more prone and apt to venture down the long tail. One study actually found that the long tail actually creates a heightened market for â€Å"hits†, possibly with consumers seeking more familiar â€Å"brands† and offerings and, again, feeling the blowback of so much easy search and myriad, available information (Tan 2008). Anderson’s theory failed to address the idea of inherent inferiority of some niche products – maybe Grand Centrals sixty-one titles were in fact not that good or appealing. When customer feedback is limited Long tail theory also does not address the instances when customer feedback is limited. Systems like collaborative filtering only work well with a sufficient quantity of data input. Research has found that it is often the case that niche products are so far down the tail, or have such limited appeal, that they do not get viewed, reviewed or otherwise evaluated. This is the Achilles heel of the long tail – the oxymoronic condition that for consumers to be funneled down the tail, they must first be funneled down the tail. Sites like Netflix do use an advanced degree of logic in how products are linked for shoppers in a small-cell manner. But sites like Amazon link products in larger categories, making them harder to find and less differentiated (Zhu 2010). This also has a boomerang effect, because ‘hit’ products are generally very highly reviewed and represented in collaborative filtering systems. So these products are more likely to appear as recommendations to consumers, and more likely to be purchased in many instances (Gomes 2008). Sabotaging the Tail Growing evidence supports the notion that major corporations have adapted their marketing strategies to maximize the positive elements of the long tail. In much the same ways that the majors have co-opted concepts like viral marketing through sites like YouTube (which currently has a corporate â€Å"video†/commercial that airs exclusively on YouTube and has received 7 million views), marketers are taking advantage of niches. In addition to simply placing convention advertising on the sites, many have theorized that companies may have found ways to †tweak† collaborative filtering systems to highlight their products, or turn loose associations into stronger connections. And as stated previously, some research is already showing that the long tail may actually benefit ‘hit’ products, as findings indicate says of these products actually increasing because of long tail technologies. In a â€Å"cream-rises-to-the-top† manner of thinking, evidence indicates that as some consumers explore the tail, they realize the products are mostly inferior, i. e. there is a reason they are not â€Å"popular†. Further more, in terms of search costs and information overload, research shows that new products appear at a rate that outstrips the consumers ability to be aware of and process them. The exception to this would be a relatively small group of heavy users (Tan 2009). Similarly, research is being to explore whether some on-line recommendations, reviews and ratings are authentic. Some research supports that sly marketers have tread into these waters as well, either using incentives (for consumers to offer positive reviews) or literally posting their own reviews to their products. Additionally, researchers are studying whether some actual customer reviews are authentic. Particularly among heavy users, opinions for and against certain products can be heavily biased, and the feedback mechanisms can be used for these consumers to voice their discontent for the product, firms or other things. PC users and Mac â€Å"Zealots† have a long-running rivalry. No doubt these computer savvy users could make use of recommendations and reviews to â€Å"slam† new products (like IPad for example) on general principal. Social Beings The most glaring contradiction, that cuts to the heart of long tail theory, is that is fails to recognize consumers as human, social beings, especially for certain products like digital media (music, films, tv and books). It was noted that Anderson did not give enough attention to the â€Å"water-cooler† effect; that consumers do not solely choose certain products based only on their attributes, characteristics and functionality. As has been discussed, culture is the values, norms, morals, symbols and accepted patterns of behavior that help us to communicate with a shared language and experience. These frameworks provide individuals with rules for navigating the world in an acceptable manner. In the same way we stand in line at the bank, or wear the same clothes and do the same cheers at a sporting event, we also seek to share cultural experiences through some of the products we purchase or services we use (Ottenfeld 2010). The viewing of Avatar, the mad rush to purchase the IPad or to religiously view the new episode of â€Å"American Idol† has a cultural element to it that is undeniable. Consumers want to share these experiences with their more traditional sub-groups; their families, their college friends, the people at the dog park or their colleagues at the water-cooler. The latest film by Spanish Director Pedro Almadovar, or album by the German Metal band Rammstein may possess are great deal of artistic relevance, but they are outliers within most of the American sub-cultural groups. Niche products have a tendency to fulfill consumers on higher levels of the needs scale. But those desires that lead consumers to seek connectedness with community, lead them to consume certain mass market products (Elberse 2008). V. Unanswered Questions Anderson’s work on long tail theory, and the subsequent research and writing on the subject have served to illuminate and inform thought and discussion on the subject. But there still remain unanswered elements that seem ripe for discussion and further investigation. Demographics The Long Tail is spoken of as a technological tsunami, universally destroying everything that came before it. While it is true that entities like Amazon, eBay, Netflix and the like possess and seeming ubiquity, an element of cultural examination seems to be missing. Anderson’s theory arguably pays far less attention to sub group demographics and characteristics like age, race. sex, income and similar factors. The Digital Divide that still exists is a major issue that is left under-evaluated. Some consumers have limited to no access to computers, let alone the internet. Though stores like Wal-Mart represent a physical approximation to the long tail (in a manner of speaking), that consumers have access to, the version Anderson purports is much broader and grander than this. Although great strides have been made to improve access to underserved communities, there are still individuals with limited access, training, capacity and/or resources to fully engage in a digital consumer culture. For example, computers with internet access are available in community libraries, but individuals in those communities may lack computer skills to use them, or even the resources to travel to the library. This leads to a more comprehensive contemplation on demographics. We know that older consumers are less likely to use computers. Individuals in certain racial and ethnic groups are less likely to use computers. It has been estimated that significant numbers of people of color and new citizens do not have bank accounts, making their ability to complete on-line purchases unlikely. People of certain socio-economic classes are more likely to use computers more often. There are regional factors that determine internet access; some rural and remote areas have less access than urban, populated areas. These and other demographic considerations pose many questions about the long tail theory. Search â€Å"Costs† Long tail theory also lacks a suitable discussion of search costs (discussed briefly earlier). Access to unlimited choice does not come without costs. In an era where consumers are burdened by time more than ever, an endless array of products can prove daunting and discouraging. Most internet consumers have experienced being taken through a seemingly never-ending chain of products, connected through filtering. The initial benefits of this are often tangible, but an element of â€Å"diminishing returns† often seeps into the process. The further the consumer journeys down the tail, there is a tendency for the products to be less connected to the initial search (Lin 2008). The familiarity of mass market products can offer a remedy to this overload. As consumers travel down the tail, viewing more products, of questionable quality and relevance, the appeal of the familiar, and its cultural significance, can be irresistible.

OZ-Supermarket-Case-Study-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Write a well presented report for the above outlining the Business Operation. Provide three recommendations that are well substantiated with journal literature and referenced correctly. 2.Provide an additional option to the above suggestion to Improve Customer Service. Answers: 1.Oz supermarket has opened its stores in different parts of the globe with a view to providing instant service to its customers as well as risk-free experience in purchasing household and other necessary things. Chairperson and directors of Oz supermarkets have decided to provide a cashless and peaceful experience in terms of reducing the rush from exit queues (Zielke, Toporowski Kniza, 2011). Oz supermarkets are offering only households items such as grosser items, stationary things, and non-perishable goods. For purchasing these types of goods, customers needs to spend a lot of time in stores and supermarkets but Oz store have invented the idea of providing cashless and quick service. Oz supermarket has adopted the PayWave technology under which cash is not accepted from its customers. As per this technology, a PayWave card is issued to the customer and while entering the store, customer needs to swipe his card and took a trolley with a RFID chip installed in the trolley. All tho se items selected by a customer and put it into the basket will automatically be counted as purchases. In the scenario, when the customer wants to delete the item from his purchases, that item is automatically being reduced from his purchases. After completing the purchases, customer needs to move towards the exit gate and while exiting the store, he needs to swipe his PayWave card again for making payment and for exiting the store as well. If in case, customers PayWave card does not have sufficient balance in his card, an alarm will ring (Kurnia Peng, 2010). As per this technology, only one person is allowed to enter on a card and if children or any other person wants to enter the store, he can get a card from the store counter through submitting a certain amount of money and that money will be recorded in his PayWave card. While exiting the store, the customer who has taken the instant PayWave card can withdraw their money or they can move forward with the card for their future purchases (Yada, 2011). This technology will help the customer to save their time as well as to choose cashless transactions. As this technology is bit high cost consuming but customers who are in hurry and do not want to stand in queues will be ready for bearing the extra cost for their purchases. Thus, customers do not need to stand in queues for making payments and the usage of this kind of technology takes the shopping towards a next level i.e. smart and less time consuming (Hou Chen, 2011). Trolleys, as well as the items kept in the store, have a specialized chip called RFID through which customers' cart is automatically updated while taking or removing the item from the cart. RFID chips increase the prices of the products but this extra cost will be absorbed from those customers who are in rush. In Oz supermarket, many shopping summary stations are fitted through which customers can gather information regarding their picked products in the trolley. This will help the customer to get an estimate in relevance with the payment for their shopping as well as these stations also provide the facility to customers to check the balance available in their PayWave card (Shi, Zhang Qu, 2010). Oz supermarket has also planned for the parking customers vehicles. Those customers who want to park their vehicles and shop from inside the store, car parking facility will also be provided and the parking will be on the basis of time consumption. In peak period, a store will charge parking on the minutes basis. Parking will be free for disabled customers and no extra charge will be charged from them for providing wheel chairs or any other facilities. Recommendations The idea opted by Oz supermarket is unique as well as result oriented especially in those places where people are running short of time. The directors of this store should concentrate on opening the store with this kind of technologies and in busy places such as New York, USA, UK, etc. People over there will be able to afford these kinds of services, as well as the success of these stores, could only be analyzed in those places only (Fiedler, Keppler ztren, 2012). Apart from opening the store in busy places, this kind of store requires a big place and in the countries like USA and UK, land cost is very high which is will impact on the prices of the products sold in the store. Hence, Oz supermarket needs to analyze all the internal as well as external factors before setting up the stores because, in the poor countries or states, this kind of store will not be able to achieve adequate success. So, if organizations budget is capable enough to afford expenses of big and developed countries then it should be commenced from there only. Because setting up the advanced technology stores in under developed countries will not achieve success as people over there will first try to fulfil their basic needs apart from saving time and waiting in long queues and as per a survey report, supermarkets are successful in developed countries only because people over there try to save on each and every item through bargaining or through compromising with products quality. Apart from these, it is recommended that as Oz supermarket is being created with a view to providing advanced and quick service to those people who are in rush. Hence, their perception should be asked with a view to making the business as per their requirements. Adequate steps should be taken to solve the customers issues as well as to build the trust in the customers mind towards the organization. 2.In addition to this plan, Oz supermarket could also adopt the method of providing the same facility to customers under which they do not need to park their vehicles. They can move forward in their cars only and stop at the stations as per their requirements in the store. Under this procedure in an open ground, various stations will be developed as per the items available in the store. For instance, one section for packed eatables, one for grocery, etc. and then entry and exit procedure will remain same as per the above idea. The basic difference will be customer need to swipe their card while entering the premises of the store and in the above idea, customers need to swipe their cards at the time of entering into the store (Polasik, et. al., 2011). This option of providing products to customers without leaving their cars will reduce the efforts of customers but it will require a big place where the separate section will be maintained for unique products. Apart from this, this option will increase the customer experience as they do not need to move here and there in the store, they just need to stop their car at the station of goods which they require. An organization may face some problems in the scenarios where customer's car will stop in between the stations, other customers will also get stuck due to this situation and traffic jam, as well as a failure of the idea, could be assumed. Hence, before implementing this plan, appropriate resources should be planned so that if any kind of intolerable situation arises, that could be resolved as soon as possible (Yang, Zhuang Wong, 2012). Customers feedback should also be taken time to time so that appropriate changes could be made because these kinds of stores are setup to provide the facilities to customers. Hence, if customers want some changes in the procedure of Oz supermarket then it should be implemented so that customers requirements could be matched up. This option will result in the implementation of extra cost in terms of above idea. Under this option, where customers do not need to leave their vehicles and all products will be provided to them in their cars only, other persons sitting in the car does not require to register for PayWave card. If any product is being picked up by a customer without having PayWave card, an alarm will ring at the exit gate. As all cars will be scanned before entering the premises and while exiting the premises and if anything unethical found then strict legal actions will be taken to reduce the chances of fraud (Polasik, et. al., 2011). In this option, customers' need to swipe their PayWave card while entering the store and a bag will be provided to them in their vehicles only and selected products by the customers will be put in that bag only. If a customer will keep any product in their vehicle by mistake or willingly then at the check-out point, an alarm will be ringed because each and every product kept in the store will be covered through RFID technology chip and while billing that chip will be removed with an advanced equipment and it will not be able to remove without that equipment. Hence, that product which is kept without bag will not be included in the bill amount and that chip is also not being removed from that product's packaging. So, its alarm will be ringed while scanning the car and then customers' perceptions will be asked. For this reason, the shopping bag is being provided to all those customers who will enter the Oz supermarket's premises so that customers do not face any kind of issue (Jung Kw on, 2011). Recommendations For improving business services and improving customer's experiences, parking charges would be removed so that number of consumers could get attracted towards Oz supermarket. Taking customers' feedback into account and working on an implementation of customers' suggestions to realize them that they are crucial elements of the organization. This will help them to build trust level towards the organization. Apart from this, only fresh and adequate qualitative products should be kept in the store because after paying high prices than a market, customers will expect adequate quality and appropriate service from the store. If these things would not be implemented in the store then the organization may need to suffer losses or customers will also move towards the normal supermarkets and other local shops. Basic idea of setting up this kind of store is to save the customers time as well as their efforts, hence; in peak seasons, appropriate actions needs to take to control the public such as fixing certain number of people for entering the store at a time or opening extra number of stations for certain period of time to provide adequate services to the customers who are paying extra for saving their time (Dean, 2013). Time to time reviews should be taken from the customers so that certain necessary amendments could be implemented in relevance with the quality of the product, quality of services, etc. apart from the reviews, customers should be treated with attractive offers time to time and sale should also be conducted with a view to clear the dead stock as well as to enhance the sales of the organization (Trebar, et. al., 2011). References Dean, D. H. (2013). Anticipating consumer reaction to RFID-enabled grocery checkout.Services Marketing Quarterly,34(1), 86-101. Fiedler, M., Keppler, T., ztren, A. (2012). Contactless Payment, A Rfid Domain And Its Acceptance By Card Holders. Viii. ?nterdisciplinary Management Research (Imr) Conference. Hou, J. L., Chen, T. G. (2011). An RFID-based shopping service system for retailers.Advanced Engineering Informatics,25(1), 103-115. Jung, I. C., Kwon, Y. S. (2011). 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